Neuropathy (motor or sensory nerve impairment or damage)

Grading

Peripheral Motor:

  • Asymptomatic; clinical or diagnostic observations only
  • No intervention indicated

Peripheral Sensory:

Asymptomatic; loss of deep tendon reflexes or paresthesia

Peripheral Motor:

Moderate symptoms; limiting ADLs

Peripheral Sensory:

Moderate symptoms; limiting ADLs

Peripheral Motor:

Severe symptoms; limiting self-care ADLs; requires assistive devices

Peripheral Sensory:

Severe symptoms; limiting self-care ADLs

Peripheral Motor:

Life-threatening; urgent intervention indicated

Peripheral Sensory:

Life-threatening; urgent intervention indicated

Management

Overall Strategy:

  • Rule out infectious, non-infectious, disease-related etiologies
  • High-dose steroids (1–2 mg/kg/day prednisone or equivalent) to be used
  • Ipilimumab to be withheld for Grade 2 event, nivolumab for first occurrence of Grade 3 event, and pembrolizumab based on disease severity; ipilimumab to be discontinued for Grade 2 events persisting ≥6 weeks or inability to reduce steroid dose to ≤7.5 mg prednisone or equivalent per day; pembrolizumab or nivolumab to be discontinued for Grade 3/4 events that recur, persist ≥12 weeks, or inability to reduce steroid dose to ≤10 mg prednisone or equivalent per day
  • Neurology consult
    • Consideration of electromyelogram and nerve conduction tests
    • Immune globulin infusions
    • Plasmapheresis
  • Taper steroids slowly over at least 4 weeks once symptoms improve
  • If needed, obtain physical therapy or occupational therapy consult (for both functional assessment and evaluate safety of patient at home)
  • Supportive medications for symptomatic management

Nursing Implementation:

  • Compare baseline assessment; grade & document neuropathy and etiology (diabetic, medication, vascular, chemotherapy)
  • Early identification and evaluation of patient symptoms
  • Early intervention with lab work and office visit if neuropathy symptoms suspected

*Steroid taper instructions/calendar as a guide but not an absolute

  • Taper should consider patient’s current symptom profile
  • Close follow-up in person or by phone, based on individual need & symptomatology
  • Anti-acid therapy daily as gastric ulcer prevention while on steroids
  • Review steroid medication side effects: mood changes (anger, reactive, hyperaware, euphoric, mania), increased appetite, interrupted sleep, oral thrush, fluid retention
  • Be alert to recurring symptoms as steroids taper down & report them (taper may need to be adjusted)

Long-term high-dose steroids:

  • Consider antimicrobial prophylaxis (sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim double dose M/W/F; single dose if used daily) or alternative if sulfa-allergic (e.g., atovaquone [Mepron®] 1500 mg po daily)
  • Consider additional antiviral and antifungal coverage
  • Avoid alcohol/acetaminophen or other hepatoxins

RED FLAGS:

  • Guillain–Barré syndrome
  • Myasthenia gravis